Lower Blood Pressure Found to Lower Dementia Risk

By Patricia Salber, MD, MBA | Published 8/11/2018 4

Senior Woman Having Blood Pressure Taken By Health Visitor At Home Looking At Each Other 2048 x 1365

Preliminary research results presented on July 25 at this year’s Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AIC) in Chicago suggests that aggressive blood pressure control may lower the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is often described as the precursor to Alzheimer’s dementia. It also lowered the combined risk of MCI and all-cause dementia.

This is great news for a field that has been plagued by a number of high profile drug failures that have left some in the Alzheimer’s community discouraged. It has also led others to question whether they really understand the etiology of the disease.

The SPRINT MIND study

The SPRINT MIND study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is a part of a well-designed series of studies known as the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) Study.

It includes data from 9,361 adults aged 50 or older with systolic blood pressures (SBP) of 130 mm Hg or higher and at least one other cardiovascular risk factor. People with diabetes, prior stroke, or polycystic kidney disease were excluded.

Participants were older, with a mean age of 67.9; 35.6% were women. The study was randomized and controlled, generally considered a high-quality study design.

Individuals participating in the study were randomly assigned to an intensive treatment group with a target SBP of 120 mm Hg or less or a comparison group with a target SBP of 140 or less. At one year, the mean SBP in the intensive treatment group was 121.4 mmHg compared to 136.2 in the group with a target of 140 or less.

The trial participants were followed over an average of three years with a variety of tests, including:

  • cognitive skills testing of memory 
  • the ability to process new information

All 8,626 of the original study participants completed at least one of these cognitive studies.

The researchers found that people in the group with the lower target SBP of 120 mm Hg or less lowered their risk of developing MCI by a statistically significant 19% compared to people who only lowered their SBP to a target of 140.

For the combined outcome of MCI plus probably all-cause dementia, the lower blood pressure group was 15% lower than the higher blood pressure group. The researchers reported a “non-significant reduction” in the primary outcome of dementia alone.

Why is this study important?

It is important because:

  • It is the first time a rigorous randomized trial has documented that something can lower the risk of MCI and the combined risk of MCI and dementia (although not dementia alone).
  • Also, the intervention – aggressively lowering blood pressure – is in the control of people at risk (with help from their doctors). This is different from other risk factors, such as aging or genetics that people cannot control.
  • It holds out the hope that perhaps Alzheimer’s can be prevented by a relatively simple intervention using relatively inexpensive drugs that already exist.

What the preliminary data from the study does not do, however, is show that lowering blood pressure can provide benefit to people who already have Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia. We also do not know if these findings can be generalized to other high-risk populations or to people without cardiovascular risk factors.

Related content:
Alzheimer’s Disease: Precision Medicine May Get Us to a Cure
Recent Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention

The vision for the future

When discussing the findings, Maria C, Carrillo, Ph.D., the Alzheimer’s Association Chief Science Officer notes that “the reduction in new cases of MCI seen in the SPRINT MIND study adds credibility to the vision of future Alzheimer’s therapy that combines drugs and modifiable risk factor interventions – as we do now in cardiovascular disease.

A related study

Another interesting study presented at the same meeting, called the SPRINT MIND MRI trial, looked at a subset of 454 SPRINT trial participants who had follow-up brain MRIs about 4 years after the study began. The researchers found cerebral white matter lesions increased less in the intensive-treatment group (target 120 mmHg) than in the group treated to a higher SBP (0.28 cm3 vs 0.92 cm). There was no significant difference in brain volume decrease between the two groups.

It is anticipated that both of these studies will be submitted for peer-review publication later this year.

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Patricia Salber, MD, MBA

Website: https://thedoctorweighsin.com

Patricia Salber, MD, MBA is the Founder. CEO, and Editor-in-Chief of The Doctor Weighs In (TDWI). Founded in 2005 as a single-author blog, it has evolved into a multi-authored, multi-media health information site with a global audience. She has worked hard to ensure that TDWI is a trusted resource for health information on a wide variety of health topics. Moreover, Dr. Salber is widely acknowledged as an important contributor to the health information space, including having been honored by LinkedIn as one of ten Top Voices in Healthcare in both 2017 and 2018.

Dr. Salber has a long list of peer-reviewed publications as well as publications in trade and popular press. She has published two books, the latest being “Connected Health: Improving Care, Safety, and Efficiency with Wearables and IoT solutions. She has hosted podcasts and video interviews with many well-known healthcare experts and innovators. Spreading the word about health and healthcare innovation is her passion.

She attended the University of California Berkeley for her undergraduate and graduate studies and UC San Francisco for medical school, internal medicine residency, and endocrine fellowship. She also completed a Pew Fellowship in Health Policy at the affiliated Institute for Health Policy Studies. She earned an MBA with a health focus at the University of California Irvine.

She joined Kaiser Permanente (KP)where she practiced emergency medicine as a board-certified internist and emergency physician before moving into administration. She served as the first Physician Director for National Accounts at the Permanente Federation. And, also served as the lead on a dedicated Kaiser Permanente-General Motors team to help GM with its managed care strategy. GM was the largest private purchaser of healthcare in the world at that time. After leaving KP, she worked as a physician executive in a number of health plans, including serving as EVP and Chief Medical Officer at Universal American.

She consults and/or advises a wide variety of organizations including digital start-ups such as CliniOps, My Safety Nest, and Doctor Base (acquired). She currently consults with Duty First Consulting as well as Faegre, Drinker, Biddle, and Reath, LLP.

Pat serves on the Board of Trustees of MedShare, a global humanitarian organization. She chairs the organization’s Development Committee and she also chairs MedShare's Western Regional Council.

Dr. Salber is married and lives with her husband and dog in beautiful Marin County in California. She has three grown children and two granddaughters with whom she loves to travel.

Comments:

  • Thanks for sharing such an informative article regarding the relationship exist between lower blood pressure and dementia. A patient affected by dementia loses its ability to memorize and analyzing ability over time which has a disastrous impact on the social life of a person. Unfortunately, there is no cure for such disease which makes it more dangerous. So, a lot of research is really essential to find the cure for such kinds of disease.

  • Decades ago, I was testing the effect of papaverine, on blood pressure with numerous other drugs used as a control; it was clear that the patients improved with the treatment were also getting an improvement of their cognitive tests.

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